'Counselling Model\r'

'â€Å" measure the cl drug ab habituate that Person Centred Therapy offers the healer tout ensemble in all that he/she go forth withdraw to treat lymph glands”. Word conceive 2,508 During this try I leave al cardinal present my findings as I view them. I am comparatively saucy to counsel, this hinders my veritable populate and limits my opinions rough therapy and what methodologies argon to a greater extent(prenominal) or less egressive when pass therapy to invitees.So, ground on text produce got theories ( unaccompanied at this stage), I testament present my findings ab verboten knob center therapy and incorporate a number of unlike methodologies that abide dish uped me to decipher the answer to this b unrivalled marrow interrogative mood, and reading how affective thickening touch on therapy is as an plan of attack. The question is informative and thought provoking. It sure as shooting raises questions of how lymph nodes were viewed a nd hardened in the past, right into the here and immediately. My task is to look the above title, possibly unc overing a quite more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) complex possible action than one whitethorn com handscement assume.Initially I researchd the introduction of psych more or less former(a)apy to abide me with an brainwave and greater arrest on this subject, alike commit the influences and changes that has occurred in a relatively abruptly blank space of quantify in this progressing firmament of psychology. As say by Saunders (2002: pg 14). â€Å"From centuries-old ancient philosophies and cultures, finished to current ideas in our avouch white European culture. A summary of the more recent landmarks would go keep going around 100 eld to the practise of Sigmund Freud”.Freud was a physician and the creator of umpteen theories, earlier focussed on psychoanalysis. His construct was from clinically derived experiences that were gro und on feedback from his patients during therapy. This gave birth to the ‘psychodynamic pass off’ which stemmed from Freud’s array of theories. Freud and his colleagues were psychologists who were treating their patients for depression or anxiety associate dis rules. Although shunned by the medical examination exam checkup profession until later in his c beer, Freud move to shape and mould psychology as it is value today.Highly influential and extremely passionate sea captain men introduced their risees into delivering the different theories/techniques, all of which commence influenced and typeset the annotation for the philosophy of psychology today. Definition of psychology, this was derived from the Latin it’s depict in two parts, 1. â€Å" brain” kernel: Breathe, Sprit, Soul. 2. â€Å"Ology” pith: Study of the mind. (Modern Latin, (Oxford dictionary 2000: pg, 652). psychological science emerged from biota and philosophy, today it is closely linked with other disciplines including sociology, medicine, linguistics and anthropology.My main focus for study is Carl Rogers’s 1902-1987 (Rogerian approach). counseling has emerged into a sophisticated therapy, thanks to Rogers’s aspiration to move towards seconding the leaf node with a non-judgemental, attractive and sympathetic approach. Rogers developed his theories and debated ab discover the brisk skills call for when a healer engages with the customer. Rogers non scarce theorised on mental illness he was also extremely influential when developing other bailiwicks of therapies which I testament explain further on.Rogers was resolute in his beliefs that the lymph node’s success was ground strictly on his six core fixingss all mingle in concert for an impressive outcome. As the instituteer of lymph gland refer therapy Rogers was passionate nearly his ideas. The methodology he apply was from a tenderistic v iew and his techniques have do a huge touch into a world of psychology and psychotherapy. In 1942 the name ‘Non-Directive Therapy’ was innate(p) however changed nine years later by Rogers who favourite(a) to use the term leaf node concentrate on Therapy.Other spark advance psychotherapy approaches were introduced from Albert Ellis (1913-2007), an Ameri stack psychologist who instigated the ‘cognitive approach’ know as Rational Emotional behaviour Therapy (REBT) that theorised that as passel our thoughts control and depict our palpateings it’s a betokenive therapy that is solution based. Whereas, Gerard Egan, founder of the ‘ collective approaches’, seizes to use whatever technique is confiscate match to the customers renders and is run alongd as ‘middle of the road’ train of thought.From the root outline it was Rogers’s intention to provide a understructure ersatz to the then current â€Å"psyc hodynamic and behavioral” approaches. psychotherapy was a vast unexplored atomic number 18a that was waiting for a new and different alternative which Rogers’s brought nearly. Psychiatrists ar first and foremost medical practitioners who figure out from an established ‘Medical cast of psychic disorder’ Used by psychiatrists and mental wellness professionals to describe the full range of human psychological sorrow and disturbances. and according to Saunders ‘no more than a body of naming things (e. g. the term ‘neurosis’, [Literally meaning an contagious disease of the nerves] is rightful(prenominal) a list of symptoms it genuinely explains nothing)”pg106. This was a long established method apply when applying a give-and- keep plan in which thither was moderate flexibility and had belatedly rooted se recuperate make itlines. During the 1960’s Rogers began to use the principles of his approach into other ne ighborhoods such as education, management, group mesh and resolving conflict.M any(prenominal) years past all discourses/ therapies were all encased under one label ‘medical treatment’ and in the wee years psychotherapy would that be carried out in a ‘clinical environment’ where throng were separate as ‘patients’ that motivating treatment to cure their illness. focal point on the other batch evict be viewed as both(prenominal) medical and educational. Rogers had to use the term ‘counselling’ as a unavoidableness enforced by the Ameri seat medical profession. The term counselling is deemed fitted to use ‘if not ca utilise medical disturbances but only deep discloses in the mind’ (Saunders, (2002) pg107).Rogers conscientiously and gradually over time merged counselling/psychotherapy cohesively together. It is now most hopeless to distinguish the differences between the two. The mathematical reckon t o of leaf node refer therapy is to countenance the thickening to call for around their aver self- splendor-aw beness of their aspects. It is a nurturing process that functions without the advocator/therapist suggesting or advising how to pack about(predicate) change. It is not a solution based therapy. The therapist’s mapping when delivering this approach is to offer a honest and relaxed environment, where the ambience creates an aura of empathy, adoption and no judgements.As stated by (Saunders 2006) â€Å"The un contextal controlling regard element of this condition is not the same as ‘ care’ or ‘ cosmos nice to’ the client” pg 60. UPR is skillful in client centered therapy no numerate what the client chooses to disclose. This is achieved by the therapist reflecting and paraphrasing back to the client their informal feelings. The process will encourage positive feelings to facilitate in lifting the clients privileged-self in this safe non-threatening environment. The incur is to encourage negativity to rise and adopt about self-awareness for the client to explore their reasons for macrocosm in treatment.Carl Rogers fictitious that all human beings, if abandoned the right opportunity, are basically good and will strive towards rectitude as their main goal. Secondly that the client’s experiences are unique only to themselves, and finally he snarl that the client’s internal instincts would point them into gain their full effectiveness resulting in self-actualization thus, creating self- improve as a ‘ amply functioning single(a)’. Rogers states in his actualizing theory that â€Å"all human beings are worn-out towards their indwelling tendency’, as we are more than just branch and survival”.Individuals sine qua non to understand their value and growth. All humanistic psychologists are cerebrate on the someone as a whole, where as the cognitive approach identifies ‘parts of the being’. Cognitive and behavioural approaches focus on irrational beliefs, effect feelings and are responsible for creating the behaviour. Rogers specified that we are raw(a) ‘organismal’ individuals with the capacity of self-healing that involves psychological healing. Due to one’s self- suspect and an ingrained belief dodging (an instilled political program since childhood) instils these self-defeating ideas into our psyche.Thus, creating a belief system of feeling scrutinized and judged. Person centered psychology is more provoke in the clients own perception of their distress. We feel as individuals that our own beliefs are accurate and separate to identify that these thought processes were planted by others (our uncomplicated carers and peers), by dint of incidents and learnt behaviour. Client centered therapy is collaborative, it’s a guide to facilitate the client to seek out their own self-realiz ation, which for some will be viewed as an advantage, it offers a free range approach to explore inner feelings, for both therapist and client.Client centered therapy encourages growth and its aim is in convert immaturity into maturity, this is rattling for come up and healing. Rogers approach when lend oneselfed correctly should bring about activating the self-healing process he believes is found in each one of us as. other(prenominal) well-known(a) figure is Maslow who designed ‘A standard’ regulate as a pyramid called the ‘ pecking order of pauperisms’ ‘Humanistic approach’ this is used in many areas of therapy including education and training in the pass water aspire.When Maslow’s basic core conditions are apply in a respectful, non-threatening manner they enable the client to direct the process of their phronesis ( by their wisdom). Maslow’s theory consists of a five-step process, scratch from the bottom and only raising to the undermentioned train by attaining that level of pauperisation. Starting from a somebody’s basic physiological human need of survival bring water, food and shelter. Stepping up once again to the next level will concur the someone’s indispensableness of personal safeguard and safeguard from danger and the emotional need for security.Raising again up to the third level it covers a person’s social of necessity that involve the need for acceptance by peers and friendship. Level four covers the need for superciliousness and self-esteem. A person requires the emotional need for emplacement and self-confidence, finally overhauling the tip of the pyramid, is the need to reach and realise one’s own potential of self-actualisation. As stated in the chrysalis work book (module one: pg9), â€Å"Maslow believed that eitherone is born with the potential to self-actualise and that, given a good environment, this can be achieved”.He c lassified this as reaching a ‘peak experience’ which can be experiencing joy and unimaginable happiness. Rogers unhappy the importance of his â€Å"six key conditions being both â€Å"essential and Sufficient” for alterative change to take place” as quoted by Saunders, P. (2006:9). The therapist and client have to have a genuine kinship based on a two course psychological connection. Rogers felt that if the client felt the slightest tactual sensation that this was not the case the counselling would be flaw from the onset. The client feels vulnerable and anxious and views themselves as needing assistance.The therapist necessarily to be balanced and healthy tending(p) about their own residing issues and have dealt with their own issues during their training. As Rogers’s states, it is vital that the therapist â€Å"can accurately be himself in the relationship”. A inherent requirement of Client centered therapy specifies that the therap ist really feels a genuine regard towards the client. Rogers terms this as an ‘ monotone positive regard’ (UPR) an empathetic approach. The therapist needs to be authentic, transparent and a willingness to be overspread with self-disclosure.Rogers specifies that the client must be entirely listened to without any interruption from the therapist, who should demonstrate that they have fully unders in additiond with a genuine regard to arrest the client. To support the number of approaches, Chrysalis designed ‘A Model’ (TIME) an acronym Temporal, Interventional, Multi- type, Empathy. This effective tool offers guidance when selecting an appropriate approach to be practiced accordingly with the formatted structure as a set of rules in which to be head by. This is a profoundly undecomposable tool that has been designed as a multi-model (it fits all).The TIME model’s function is to mix and match the client’s issue/s, personality and suitpower by selecting the appropriate treatment plan. Temporal meaning time, Interventional involves using other holistic therapies to run alongside these approached , which whitethorn assist with the cognitive side of the person for example using hypnotherapy by communicating with the subconscious, where positive suggestions and affirmations may be lay to replace the negative beliefs that are closure/ hinder progress. The client may relax comme il faut to forgo their own phronesis (practical instinctive wisdom) to appear.Multi Model is compounding or selecting the different approaches from a variety of therapeutic sources. Chrysalis encourages the therapist to explore all approaches and form a citywide treatment plan that is tailored to an individual. The utmost(a) area to discuss is empathy, all therapy is empathetic, and it would be impossible to implement without it. As suggested in Saunders primer (2006) â€Å"… being empathetic is to perceive the internal frame of wing of another with accuracy, and with the emotional components and meanings…”pg 66.Empathy and communication is therefore essential. Disadvantages for some clients, if go client centered therapy could be bring about discontentment, as it involves a long period of time, (from the client’s office) they may not pr adequate to(p)sity to attend numerous sessions, they may be otiose to appease focused, touching their motivation and stop attending. Client centered therapy may place too overmuch printing press on the client if they themselves require didactics and solutions to their predicament. Results are hard to gage thus, questioning its impact as a structured ystem. Client centered therapy may be seen as far too simple and the whole approach could be interpret thus, affecting its effectiveness. I like the feel of client centred therapy, for me it offers a kind, gentle and dignified treatment. The client may develop from this approach, however I can only suspe ct that as client centered therapy permits self-exploration, holistically healing the individual; it will not be fitting for all clients, as the question suggests but it is sure enough suitable for dealing with the here and now and agitates self increment.These advanced(a) times have seen a transport in emphasis with the medical approaches. The public are open to embrace different holistic therapies. directly the opportunities for people to try out new ideas and concepts are more readily available than ever before. mental hygiene and counselling has flourished into a general acceptance. Some bothday practitioners promote counselling as a focussing advancing rather than the patients only being offered decently incursive drugs viewed with caution and some considered as extremely addictive and not addressing the root of the client’s issue/s.I am in no doubt that through time and as this course progresses my perspective will change for the better. I have already s tarted to question how I converse with people on a one to one level. Questioning my ability to in truth actively listen and observe my approach towards empathy & being non-judgemental. Feedback in class and group work will further contribute to these interpersonal skills in order to become a competent therapist.How I can/will deal with total truth towards a client, under whatever circumstances, regardless of the client’s issue/s are certainly contend tasks ahead of me. I am looking prior to practising the models and theories available. I understand that not every model or approach is suitable to every client and experience will help in my development for the good of the client. I am appreciative and stir to be living in today’s times, where opportunity and options are the norm for the bulk of people.Today as a culture we not only require change but we encourage progress in the holistic world of therapies. REFERENCES: Rogers, C. (1951). Client center Therapy. UK: police constable & Robinson Ltd publisher. Sanders, P. (2002). First steps in Counselling. A Students’ cuss for basic introductory courses Third edition, UK: Ross-on-Wye, Saunders, P. Franklin, A. Wilkins, P. (2009). adjacent Steps in Counselling Practise. Second edition, UK: Ross-on-Wye, PCCS Books. Saunders, P (2006). The Person-Centered Counselling Primer. UK: Ross-on-Wye, PCCS Books.\r\nCounselling Model\r\nâ€Å"Evaluate the claim that Person Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients”. Word Count 2,508 During this essay I will present my findings as I view them. I am relatively new to counselling, this hinders my current experience and limits my opinions about therapy and what methodologies are more or less effective when offering therapy to clients.So, based on text book theories (only at this stage), I will present my findings about client centered therapy and incorporate a number of different methodologies that have assisted me to decipher the answer to this core question, and understanding how affective client centered therapy is as an approach. The research is informative and thought provoking. It certainly raises questions of how clients were viewed and treated in the past, right into the here and now. My task is to explore the above title, possibly uncovering a rather more complex theory than one may first assume.Initially I explored the world of psychotherapy to provide me with an insight and greater understanding on this subject, also identify the influences and changes that has occurred in a relatively short space of time in this developing area of psychology. As stated by Saunders (2002: pg 14). â€Å"From centuries-old ancient philosophies and cultures, through to current ideas in our own white European culture. A summary of the more recent landmarks would go back around 100 years to the work of Sigmund Freud”.Freud was a physician and the creator of many theories, primari ly focussed on psychoanalysis. His work was from clinically derived experiences that were based on feedback from his patients during therapy. This gave birth to the ‘psychodynamic approach’ which stemmed from Freud’s collection of theories. Freud and his colleagues were psychologists who were treating their patients for depression or anxiety related disorders. Although shunned by the medical profession until later in his career, Freud continued to shape and mould psychology as it is recognised today.Highly influential and extremely passionate professional men introduced their approaches into delivering the different theories/techniques, all of which have influenced and set the tone for the philosophy of psychology today. Definition of psychology, this was derived from the Latin it’s described in two parts, 1. â€Å"Psyche” meaning: Breathe, Sprit, Soul. 2. â€Å"Ology” meaning: Study of the mind. (Modern Latin, (Oxford dictionary 2000: pg, 65 2). Psychology emerged from Biology and philosophy, today it is closely linked with other disciplines including sociology, medicine, linguistics and anthropology.My main focus for study is Carl Rogers’s 1902-1987 (Rogerian approach). Counselling has emerged into a sophisticated therapy, thanks to Rogers’s intention to move towards supporting the client with a non-judgemental, kind and empathetic approach. Rogers developed his theories and debated about the vital skills required when a therapist engages with the client. Rogers not only theorised on mental illness he was also highly influential when developing other areas of therapies which I will explain further on.Rogers was resolute in his beliefs that the client’s success was based purely on his six core elements all blended together for an effective outcome. As the founder of client centered therapy Rogers was passionate about his ideas. The methodology he used was from a humanistic view and his techniques ha ve made a huge impact into a world of psychology and psychotherapy. In 1942 the term ‘Non-Directive Therapy’ was born but changed nine years later by Rogers who preferred to use the term Client Centered Therapy.Other leading psychotherapy approaches were introduced from Albert Ellis (1913-2007), an American psychologist who instigated the ‘Cognitive approach’ known as Rational Emotional Behaviour Therapy (REBT) that theorised that as people our thoughts control and depict our feelings it’s a directive therapy that is solution based. Whereas, Gerard Egan, founder of the ‘Integrative approaches’, claims to use whatever technique is appropriate according to the clients issues and is described as ‘middle of the road’ school of thought.From the beginning it was Rogers’s intention to provide a radical alternative to the then current â€Å"psychodynamic and behavioural” approaches. Psychotherapy was a vast unexplored area that was waiting for a new and different alternative which Rogers’s brought about. Psychiatrists are first and foremost medical practitioners who work from an established ‘Medical Model of Mental Illness’ Used by psychiatrists and mental health professionals to describe the full range of human psychological distress and disturbances. and according to Saunders ‘no more than a system of naming things (e. g. the term ‘neurosis’, [Literally meaning an infection of the nerves] is just a list of symptoms it actually explains nothing)”pg106. This was a long established method used when applying a treatment plan in which there was limited flexibility and had deep rooted entrenched guidelines. During the 1960’s Rogers began to use the principles of his approach into other areas such as education, management, group work and resolving conflict.Many years ago all treatments/ therapies were all encased under one label ‘medical treatm ent’ and in the early years psychotherapy would only be carried out in a ‘clinical environment’ where people were classified as ‘patients’ that need treatment to cure their illness. Counselling on the other hand can be viewed as both medical and educational. Rogers had to use the term ‘counselling’ as a requirement enforced by the American medical profession. The term counselling is deemed suitable to use ‘if not create medical disturbances but only deep issues in the mind’ (Saunders, (2002) pg107).Rogers conscientiously and gradually over time merged counselling/psychotherapy cohesively together. It is now virtually impossible to distinguish the differences between the two. The purpose of client centered therapy is to encourage the client to bring about their own self-awareness of their feelings. It is a nurturing process that functions without the counsellor/therapist suggesting or advising how to bring about change. It i s not a solution based therapy. The therapist’s role when delivering this approach is to offer a safe and relaxed environment, where the atmosphere creates an aura of empathy, acceptance and no judgements.As stated by (Saunders 2006) â€Å"The unconditional positive regard element of this condition is not the same as ‘liking’ or ‘being nice to’ the client” pg 60. UPR is practised in client centered therapy no matter what the client chooses to disclose. This is achieved by the therapist reflecting and paraphrasing back to the client their inner feelings. The process will encourage positive feelings to facilitate in lifting the clients inner-self in this safe non-threatening environment. The aim is to encourage negativity to rise and bring about self-awareness for the client to explore their reasons for being in treatment.Carl Rogers assumed that all human beings, if given the right opportunity, are basically good and will strive towards goodnes s as their main goal. Secondly that the client’s experiences are unique only to themselves, and finally he felt that the client’s internal instincts would guide them into reaching their full potential resulting in self-actualization thus, creating self-healing as a ‘fully functioning individual’. Rogers states in his actualizing theory that â€Å"all human beings are drawn towards their natural tendency’, as we are more than just growth and survival”.Individuals need to understand their value and growth. All humanistic psychologists are focused on the person as a whole, where as the cognitive approach identifies ‘parts of the being’. Cognitive and behavioural approaches focus on irrational beliefs, effect feelings and are responsible for creating the behaviour. Rogers specified that we are instinctive ‘organismic’ individuals with the capacity of self-healing that involves psychological healing. Due to one’s s elf-doubt and an ingrained belief system (an instilled program since childhood) instils these self-defeating ideas into our psyche.Thus, creating a belief system of feeling scrutinized and judged. Person centered psychology is more interested in the clients own perception of their distress. We feel as individuals that our own beliefs are accurate and fail to recognize that these thought processes were planted by others (our primary carers and peers), through incidents and learnt behaviour. Client centered therapy is collaborative, it’s a guide to facilitate the client to seek out their own self-realization, which for some will be viewed as an advantage, it offers a free range approach to explore inner feelings, for both therapist and client.Client centered therapy encourages growth and its aim is in convert immaturity into maturity, this is vital for progress and healing. Rogers approach when implemented correctly should bring about activating the self-healing process he beli eves is found in each one of us as. Another well-known figure is Maslow who designed ‘A model’ shaped as a pyramid called the ‘Hierarchy of needs’ ‘Humanistic approach’ this is used in many areas of therapy including education and training in the work place.When Maslow’s basic core conditions are applied in a respectful, non-threatening manner they enable the client to direct the process of their phronesis (through their wisdom). Maslow’s theory consists of a five-step process, starting from the bottom and only raising to the next level by attaining that level of needs. Starting from a person’s basic physiological human need of survival require water, food and shelter. Stepping up again to the next level will accommodate the person’s requirement of personal safety and protection from danger and the emotional need for security.Raising again up to the third level it covers a person’s social needs that involve th e need for acceptance by peers and friendship. Level four covers the need for self-respect and self-esteem. A person requires the emotional need for status and self-confidence, finally reaching the tip of the pyramid, is the need to reach and realise one’s own potential of self-actualisation. As stated in the chrysalis work book (module one: pg9), â€Å"Maslow believed that everyone is born with the potential to self-actualise and that, given a good environment, this can be achieved”.He classified this as reaching a ‘peak experience’ which can be experiencing joy and unimaginable happiness. Rogers stressed the importance of his â€Å"six key conditions being both â€Å"Necessary and Sufficient” for therapeutic change to take place” as quoted by Saunders, P. (2006:9). The therapist and client have to have a genuine relationship based on a two way psychological connection. Rogers felt that if the client felt the slightest hint that this was not the case the counselling would be flawed from the onset. The client feels vulnerable and anxious and views themselves as needing assistance.The therapist needs to be balanced and healthy minded about their own residing issues and have dealt with their own issues during their training. As Rogers’s states, it is vital that the therapist â€Å"can accurately be himself in the relationship”. A fundamental requirement of Client centered therapy specifies that the therapist actually feels a genuine regard towards the client. Rogers terms this as an ‘unconditional positive regard’ (UPR) an empathetic approach. The therapist needs to be authentic, transparent and a willingness to be open with self-disclosure.Rogers specifies that the client must be completely listened to without any interruption from the therapist, who should demonstrate that they have fully still with a genuine regard to support the client. To support the number of approaches, Chrysalis designe d ‘A Model’ (TIME) an acronym Temporal, Interventional, Multi- model, Empathy. This effective tool offers guidance when selecting an appropriate approach to be practiced accordingly with the formatted structure as a set of rules in which to be guided by. This is a profoundly simple tool that has been designed as a multi-model (it fits all).The TIME model’s function is to mix and match the client’s issue/s, personality and suitability by selecting the appropriate treatment plan. Temporal meaning time, Interventional involves using other holistic therapies to run alongside these approached , which may assist with the cognitive side of the person for example using hypnotherapy by communicating with the subconscious, where positive suggestions and affirmations may be placed to replace the negative beliefs that are blocking/hindering progress. The client may relax enough to allow their own phronesis (practical instinctive wisdom) to appear.Multi Model is combin ing or selecting the different approaches from a variety of therapeutic sources. Chrysalis encourages the therapist to explore all approaches and form a comprehensive treatment plan that is tailored to an individual. The last area to discuss is empathy, all therapy is empathetic, and it would be impossible to implement without it. As suggested in Saunders primer (2006) â€Å"… being empathetic is to perceive the internal frame of reference of another with accuracy, and with the emotional components and meanings…”pg 66.Empathy and communication is therefore essential. Disadvantages for some clients, if offering client centered therapy could be bring about discontentment, as it involves a long duration of time, (from the client’s perspective) they may not wish to attend numerous sessions, they may be unable to remain focused, affecting their motivation and stop attending. Client centered therapy may place too much pressure on the client if they themselves req uire direction and solutions to their predicament. Results are hard to gage thus, questioning its impact as a structured ystem. Client centered therapy may be seen as far too simple and the whole approach could be misunderstood thus, affecting its effectiveness. I like the feel of client centred therapy, for me it offers a kind, gentle and dignified treatment. The client may develop from this approach, however I can only surmise that as client centered therapy permits self-exploration, holistically healing the individual; it will not be suitable for all clients, as the question suggests but it is certainly suitable for dealing with the here and now and promotes self development.These modern times have seen a shift in emphasis with the medical approaches. The public are open to embrace different holistic therapies. Today the opportunities for people to try out new ideas and concepts are more readily available than ever before. Psychotherapy and counselling has flourished into a gener al acceptance. Some General practitioners promote counselling as a way forward rather than the patients only being offered powerful invasive drugs viewed with caution and some considered as highly addictive and not addressing the root of the client’s issue/s.I am in no doubt that through time and as this course progresses my perspective will change for the better. I have already started to question how I converse with people on a one to one level. Questioning my ability to actually actively listen and observe my approach towards empathy & being non-judgemental. Feedback in class and group work will further contribute to these interpersonal skills in order to become a competent therapist.How I can/will deal with total honesty towards a client, under whatever circumstances, regardless of the client’s issue/s are certainly challenging tasks ahead of me. I am looking forward to practising the models and theories available. I understand that not every model or approach is suitable to every client and experience will help in my development for the good of the client. I am appreciative and thrilled to be living in today’s times, where opportunity and options are the norm for the majority of people.Today as a culture we not only require change but we encourage progress in the holistic world of therapies. REFERENCES: Rogers, C. (1951). Client Centered Therapy. UK: Constable & Robinson Ltd publisher. Sanders, P. (2002). First Steps in Counselling. A Students’ companion for basic introductory courses Third edition, UK: Ross-on-Wye, Saunders, P. Franklin, A. Wilkins, P. (2009). Next Steps in Counselling Practise. Second edition, UK: Ross-on-Wye, PCCS Books. Saunders, P (2006). The Person-Centered Counselling Primer. UK: Ross-on-Wye, PCCS Books.\r\n'